Digital Manufacturing
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| Picture of working 3-d printer http://blog.ponoko.com/index.php?s=zcorp |
On 3D printing: Excerpt from "3D Input and Output" from The Computer in The Visual Arts by Anne Spalter, Addison Wesley Longman Inc. 1999, pp 317-321.
Summary: 3D printing is an automatic fabrication method that processes solid 3d objects from raw materials. These are an additive process, versus subtractive like CNC machines. Stereolithography is ”a UV laser beam then traces the first slice of an object on the surface of this liquid, causing a very thin layer of photopolymer to harden.” (“3D Printing: Making the Digital Real,” n.d.). It is then repeated. Laminated Object Manufacturing, or LOM, is stacked in layers and cut. Extrusion machines include Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM, use a nozzle to extrude material. Selective Laser Sintering, SLS, fuses cross sections of an object from a layer of powder. Finally, 3-d printing uses an ink-jet, which applies powder and adhesive. The actual terminology for all of this is new to me and interesting to explore further, especially the differences in output.
Contextualize: The author presents Michael Rees as an example in his use of 3-d printing as art and portrays very organic skeletal anatomy in a unique manner that may lead other artists to explore these materials.
Argument: I think that these could be very beneficial in prototype production for biophilic design with fluid 3-d shapes. It can similarly be used in other architectural model studies. Future speculations include cheaper and more prevalent use of this technology in home and also an increase in education.
Evidence: The current use of these machines can turn the garage into a high tech factory. (Anderson, 2010). One example of the new affordability is the MakerBot. It “sells a hobbyist variant for under $1,000” (Portnoy, 2010). Another example is expressed in the brochure for the iFab. “3D printing is to be opened even wider for interested private individuals and for purposes of eduction[sic] and vocational training – for example for high-school students,… or for avid model-builders at home” (“iFab,” n.d.).
“When the Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts” By Josephine Minutillo
Summary: Using the Computer Numerical Control, CNC, milling machine allows many unique fabrication for interior design with its ability to expedite large and precise orders for complicated designs. The Conga Room installation is not new to me, as it was presented in Interiors Magazine (Cohen, 2009). I think this was a great process explanation, and very interesting to read about their process.
Contextualize: This is exactly where I think biophilic design and computer-aided design can push the form in architecture. It can be used to express architecture that is relevant to all users.
Argument: This technique is able to bring human relatable designs which speak to our innate need for nature based designs. The pitfalls that I see are fabrications that use less nature based aspects in the design, but I think we will see continued use of this technology no matter what.
Evidence: (CNC) milling machines making the “lushly curving wall elements” and petal ceiling elements of the article shown are just examples of the architectural use. The CNC has also had a lot of other uses, too. It has already become abundant throughout the woodworking industry. Research published in Forest Products Journal surveyed a sample of woodworking companies and concluded that “digital technologies, while more broadly adopted by larger firms, can be found in furniture, cabinet, and architectural millwork manufacturing facilities of all sizes” (2010).
“Morphosis Prints Models” by Martin Doscher
Summary: The use of the digital printer for architecture studies was applicable and new info. I think their exploration of knowing things like having to bake it after printing and then applying a coating points out that this is still a hands-on process.
Contextualize: This is a great tool to explore for architecture and interiors.
Argument: I think this is very relevant to architecture and similar to the integration of 3-d modeling. It allows for more accurate studies of the design. I think that it is still a learning process for each project, like the examples, and yet will continue to be incorporated into A/D firms.
Evidence:” It is imperative that we have tools that enhance the designer's ability not only to conceive complex forms, but also to think intelligently about how the final product is made”(Dosccher, 2004) Additional proof comes from the many online architectural model builders who will build your model for you. It will become the thing that sets firms apart in being able to land the job.
References:
3D Printing: Making the Digital Real. (n.d.). ExplainingTheFuture.com. Retrieved February 6, 2011, from http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html
Anderson, C. (2010, February). In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits | Magazine. Wired. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/ff_newrevolution/
Cohen, E. (2009). Viva La Rumba. Interior Design. Retrieved from http://www.interiordesign.net/article/481255-Viva_La_Rumba.php?intref=sr
Dosccher, M. (2004, September). Morphosis Prints Models. Retrieved February 7, 2011, from http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/0915/tools_2-2.html
iFab. (n.d.). . Festo.
Portnoy, H. (2010, September 16). 3-D printing: The future is now. New York Manhattan Conservative Examiner. Retrieved February 6, 2011, from http://www.examiner.com/manhattan-conservative-in-new-york/3-d-printing-the-future-is-now
Wiedenbeck, J., & Parsons, J. (2010). Digital technology use by companies in the furniture, cabinet, architectural millwork, and related industries. Forest Products Journal, 60(1), 78-85.
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